Effect of Laser Exposure Time and Rhizobium on Germination of Clover Seeds

Abstract

This investigation of sub-clover germination responses to different combinations of Laser or/and Rhizobium under laboratory conditions. To study the effect of irradiation seeds by laser radiation and seeds incubation by Rhizobium combination with laser exposed times 5, 10, and 15 minutes compared in untreated seeds on the germination parameters of clover seeds. Seed germination was monitored every 8 hours for the first 4 days, then inspected every 24 hours for 15 days. Obtained results showed that using treated seeds by a combination of laser exposed times and Rhizobium gave higher germination parameters than seeds treated by the laser exposed time. By using Laser excised times or/and Rhizobium,  the results indicated that the germination parameters of seed cover were decreased for seed irradiation with Laser radiation of 5, 10 and 15 minutes, respectively, compared with untreated samples (Control). While, the higher values were when using laser exposed time of 5 minutes or/rhizobium, but, the lowest values were noticed when using laser exposed time of 15 minutes or/and Rhizobium, because of less than untreated seeds (Control).