Microorganisms for wheat improvement under biotic stress and dry climate

Abstract

Wheat is the most important grain crop, a main sustenance for a third of the world population. Biotic stress by diseases represents a serious risk to wheat production particularly under dry condition. In this work the use of plant beneficial microorganisms as bio elicitors to improve the productivity of two common wheat varieties (i.e. Gemmiza 10 and Sakha 93) were achieved. The Bio elicitors used are Streptomyces griseus, Trichoderma hamatum, Rhodotorula  glutinis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, P. fluorescens reduced wheat diseases occurrence including rust, net blotches and powdery mildew in comparison with  regular elicitors, as methyl jasmonate (MJ), chitosan (CHI), ascorbic acid and putrescein grown in new reclaimed areas in Sinai and arable land in Behira Governorate.  Results show that bio elicitors  enhanced and increases total phenols, hormonal stress as peroxidase, chitinase and total soluble protein in both varieties as well as promote growth rate, yield, flour starch, protein contains and gluten in both wheat grains verities. The obtained data show that the used microorganisms have enhanced and improved the wheat tolerance to biotic stress. That innovation might make advantageous in alleviating effects of environmental changes on other crops and expanding the wheat cultivation in the new reclaimed lands under arid climate condition.