Poultry litter angle of wall friction

Abstract

Dependence on chemical fertilizer is continually increasing.  Continual increasing of using chemical fertilizer causes nature pollution (e.g. water contamination).  This has led researchers to aggressively investigate renewable fertilizer resources and biomass to produce organic crops and reduced wastage.  Poultry litter is a bulk solid and biomass feed stocks. The angle of wall friction (AWF) is a critical factor in designing and constructing suitable equipment for pelletizing.  The results of this study showed that the simple effects of the moisture content (M) and surface types (S) as well as interaction of the S × particle size (P) and S × M were significant (P<0.01) on the AWF of the litter powder.  As well, the effect of particle size was significant (P<0.05) on AWF.  The average values of the AWF of poultry litter on the friction surfaces were in the range of 25 to 39 degree. With increasing moisture content and particle size the AWF decreased.  The maximum values of AWF were occurred for steel, galvanized and aluminum surface, respectively.

Keywords: Jenike, kinematics, litter, poultry, wall friction