Moisture-dependent engineering properties of black cardamom capsules and seeds

black cardamom engineering properties

Abstract

Abstract

Engineering characteristics including length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter (GMD), bulk density (BD), true density (TD), sphericity (Sp), porosity (∅), angle of repose (AP), static angle of friction (S_fc), hardness, and colour coordinates of the black cardamom capsules and seeds were evaluated as a function of different moisture content (11 to 43% d.b.). The linearly increased trends were noticed for length, width, thickness, GMD, and AP from 25.60 to 27.63 mm, 13.41 to 15.79, 9.32 to 11.32 mm, 14.73 to 16.82 mm, and 26 to 28 ° for  capsules and 3.07 to 3.46, 2.59 to 2.72, 2.30 to 2.40, 2.63 to 2.83 mm and 23 to 27  °  for seeds, respectively. As the moisture content increased from 11 to 43%, the BD and hardness declined from 286.98 to 260.60 kg/m³, 512.01 to 501.53 kg/m³, 21.31 to 4.08 N, and 5.50 to 3.52 N, while the TD and ∅ increased from 853.33 to 899.22 kg/m³, 1523.33 to 1126.43 kg/m³, 66.36 to 71.02%, and 66.36 to 68.78%, respectively, for both the capsule and seeds. The color values (L*, b*, a*, and ΔE) significantly (p<0.05) varied from 26.81 to 19.78, 5.05 to 5.15, 5.37 to 5.22, and 1.41 to 0.49 for capsules and 25.46 to 19.78, 5.30 to 5.25, 8.49 to 5.89, and 3.94 to 4.54 for seeds, respectively. The different surface and moisture contents also affect the significantly (p<0.05) Sfc of both the samples.